An artificial intelligence tool detected brain aneurysms that radiologists missed in routine clinical practice, increasing the number of identified cases by 39%, but it also produced substantially more false-positive findings than radiologists.
The findings, published in the Journal of the American College of Radiology, suggest that AI could serve as a second set of eyes for radiologists, while highlighting limitations that could affect its value in different clinical settings.
The AI's greater sensitivity came with an important tradeoff.
It detected 84.6% of true aneurysms compared with 71.8% for radiologists, but its positive predictive value was considerably lower—78.2% versus 92.7%.
AI performance also varied by clinical setting.
Overall, the findings suggest that AI may help radiologists catch additional aneurysms, but its added sensitivity comes at the cost of false-positive findings requiring physician review.
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